If you've been exploring weight-loss surgery options, you've probably come across the sleeve procedure. Officially known as gastric sleeve surgery or sleeve gastrectomy, this increasingly popular procedure is one of the most frequently performed bariatric surgeries worldwide. It can improve long-term health and managing weight when traditional methods have been ineffective in addressing obesity and health related conditions.
But what exactly is this operation, and why is it gaining so much attention? Here’s everything you need to know when considering it.
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What Is the Sleeve Procedure?
It is a type of bariatric (weight-loss) surgery that involves permanently removing about 75–80% of the stomach. The remaining portion is reshaped into a narrow tube or "sleeve", which significantly reduces the amount of food you can eat—and helps decrease hunger signals in the body.
It is important to know that, unlike other surgeries, such as gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy doesn't involve rerouting your intestines. That means it is simpler yet highly effective and increasingly favoured by both patients and surgeons.
Is it Right for You?
To be eligible for this form of weight-loss surgery, an individual must meet specific criteria that are related to both body weight and overall health. It is typically recommended for individuals with:
- BMI (Body Mass Index) ≥ 40
- (About 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight)
- BMI ≥ 35 with obesity-related health conditions, such as:
- Type 2 diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Sleep apnea
- Fatty liver disease
- Joint problems or mobility issues
There are some cases where individuals with an MBI between 30 and 34,9 might be considered if they have severe medical conditions that are linked to obesity. The decision to undergo gastric sleeve surgery should always be made in consultation with a qualified bariatric surgeon, who will also evaluate your medical history, goals, and lifestyle.
Psychological and Behavioral Readiness
Meeting the criteria "on the paper" is not enough. You’ll also need to demonstrate:
- A willingness to make long-term lifestyle changes
- An understanding of the commitment to post-surgical care
- Emotional and psychological readiness is often assessed through a pre-surgical evaluation.
How Does the Sleeve Procedure Work?
Mechanisms of Weight Loss
This surgery supports weight loss through two key mechanisms:
- Restriction: By significantly reducing the size of the stomach, the procedure limits food intake which leads to patients feeling fuller after consuming smaller portions.
- Hormonal Impact: The part of the stomach that produces ghrelin (the "hunger hormone") is largely removed. As a result, patients often experience a reduced appetite, particularly in the first year after surgery.
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Surgical Process
The surgery is performed laparoscopically, meaning it's minimally invasive and done through small incisions. Here's a step-by-step of what typically happens:
- You're placed under general anaesthesia.
- The surgeon makes a few small cuts in your abdomen to insert a camera and instruments.
- The larger, curved part of your stomach is removed.
- The remaining section is stapled to form a sleeve-like shape.
- The incisions are closed, and recovery begins.
Benefits of Gastric Sleeve Surgery
Here are some commonly reported benefits:
- Significant Weight Loss: Many patients lose 50–70% of their excess weight within the first year.
- Improved Health: Conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea often improve or go into remission.
- No Foreign Objects: Unlike the lap band, no implants are involved.
- Psychological and Quality of Life Improvements: Patients often report feeling more energised, that their mood and self-esteem improved as well as an overall better ability to participate in their daily activities
- No Intestinal Bypass: Since the intestines remain intact, malabsorption of nutrients is less likely than with gastric bypass. However, supplementation is still required.
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What to Expect During Recovery
Recovery from the sleeve procedure is usually quicker than you might expect:
- Hospital Stay: 1–2 nights
- Initial Recovery: 2–4 weeks off work
- Diet Progression: You'll start with clear liquids, then move to pureed foods, soft foods, and eventually solid meals. You will be advised to eat slowly, chew thoroughly and avoid drinking fluids while eating.
You'll also need to take vitamins and supplements long-term to avoid nutritional deficiencies and maintain regular follow-ups with your healthcare team.
Are There Risks?
Like any surgery, the sleeve procedure comes with potential risks, including:
- Short-term risks: Infection or bleeding, leaks from the stapled stomach, reaction to anaesthesia
- Long-term risks: Gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn), vitamin and mineral deficiencies, weight regain (if lifestyle changes are not maintained)
However, with proper care and guidance by professionals, these risks are generally manageable.
Choosing the Sleeve Wisely
The sleeve procedure is not a quick fix or a cosmetic option—it is a medical intervention designed to support individuals with obesity who have not found success through other methods. When paired with long-term lifestyle changes, it can help manage weight and improve health outcomes.
However, it's crucial to approach this decision with thorough understanding, realistic expectations, and the support of qualified medical professionals. Always consult a healthcare provider about your options and ensure you're fully informed before taking the next step toward a healthier you.
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